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14.1 The sympathetic vasoconstrictor system
a. has short preganglionic fibres that release acetylcholine.
b. has long postganglionic fibres that release adrenaline.
c. has preganglionic neurons located chiefly in the cervical spinal cord.
d. is tonically excited by bulbospinal fibres originating in the ventrolateral medulla.
e. innervates the inner tunica media of arterial blood vessels.
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14.2 Sympathetic postganglionic vasomotor fibres
a. terminate in motor-end plates, similar to those in skeletal muscle.
b. are normally quiescent in a resting subject.
c. activate α-adrenoceptors on blood vessels.
d. activate P2x purinergic receptors on some blood vessels.
e. ‘spill’ some noradrenaline into the circulation.
14.3 A rise in human sympathetic vasomotor fibre activity
a. can raise arterial blood pressure.
b. enhances local blood flow through a tissue.
c. increases the capillary filtration rate.
d. reduces the splanchnic venous blood volume.
e. in skin can occur at the same time as sympathetic activity falls in skeletal muscle.
14.4 Neurally mediated vasodilatation
a. can be achieved by reducing sympathetic vasomotor activity.
b. in skin may be brought about by increased sympathetic cholinergic activity.
c. in skin may be brought about by a C-fibre axon reflex.
d. in salivary glands is associated with parasympathetic activity and secretion.
e. by parasympathetic fibres contributes to vasodilatation in exercising muscle.
f. by parasympathetic fibres can cause penile erection.
14.5 An intravenous infusion of adrenaline
a. causes active constriction of resistance vessels in skeletal muscle.
b. causes active constriction of resistance vessels in the skin.
c. raises total peripheral resistance.
d. raises systolic blood pressure more than diastolic pressure.
e. elicits tachycardia, whereas intravenous noradrenaline causes bradycardia.
f. reduces plasma glucose concentration.
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