How Detailed Have Genetic Tests Become

The unique physical nature of each human lies in his or her DNA. Genetics can determine hair color, eye color and height, but there’s so much more that DNA reports. From solving crimes to determining family connections to the latest medical advancements, the detailed information available from DNA testing is changing lives.
It currently takes just two days to run a DNA test, whether for whole-genome sequences or tests seeking a single genetic marker. Some labs may take longer, depending on the nature of the inquiry and their own procedures. Costs have reduced as well. As recently as 2012, whole-genome sequencing cost over $13,000; in 2014, it looks like a $1,000 test is imminent. A basic genetic linage test now costs less than $100.
DNA has doubled the effectiveness of suspect identification in crimes as well as the rates of arrests and prosecutions. Advanced paternity tests are now accurate without maternal samples and people are routinely able to discover their genetic ancestry and learn what makes them who they are. Yet some of the most exciting discoveries exist in the medical field where individualized treatment may soon become an everyday occurrence.
DNA testing is so detailed now that doctors can write prescriptions based on an individual’s genetic makeup. DNA instructions create and control enzymes that metabolize drugs, affecting both the rate of metabolism and reactions to ingredients. Knowing an individual’s genetic enzyme profile allows doctors to select the most effective drugs, provide more accurate dosing and also help avoid harmful side effects.