Maternal age and socioeconomic status

Maternal age and socioeconomic status
Out of the 5 studies, four (Assefa et al., 2012; Neves et al.,2020; Kaur et al., 2019; Akter, 2012) supported low maternal age, increased maternal age and low family income as risk factors for low birth weight infants. Assefa et al. (2012) conducted an observational cohort study among 956 participants. They focused on three determinants of newborn birth weight: the mother’s nutritional status during ANC visit, the maternal mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and the wealth status. They also found out that mothers below 20 years and above 40 years were at increased risk of delivering babies with low birth weight. Mothers with poor socioeconomic status and those living in rural areas are more likely to deliver babies with low birth weight than those with higher socioeconomic status and living in urban areas. The above findings are similar to Neves et al. (2020) on the relationship between child developmental delays and poor maternal nutritional status before and during pregnancy which was conducted for 9 months prenatal and 24 months post-delivery. The researcher found out that childs developmental delay was two times higher in mothers with low family income, maternal education and the number of antenatal visits.
Kaur et al. (2019) conducted a study on the risk factors for LBW among babies of mothers living in Malaysia. The researcher selected 437 mothers above 20 weeks of gestation from 13 urban and 32 rural clinics and found out that both low maternal aged and increased maternal were associated with a higher risk of low birth weight infant. Findings also indicated that mothers with low income were more likely to have lower level of education and hence, had an increased risk of LBW infants. Akter (2012) also carried out a longitudinal experimental study among 115 women visiting the MCH clinic. The participants were divided into two groups; the intervention group that received nutritional education and counseling during the pregnancy period and the control group that did not receive any intervention. The study indicated that women with higher income had improved weight gain during the pregnancy period as they could acquire the necessary dietary requirements and gave birth to normal birth weight infants. These findings are similar to other studies conducted in developing countries such as Wrottesley et al. (2016) and Tshotetsi et al. (2019), which showed that low socioeconomic status and maternal age were associated with low birth weight infants.

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